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1.
Civil and Environmental Engineering ; 0(0), 2023.
Article in English | Web of Science | ID: covidwho-20230636

ABSTRACT

Road accidents have been identified as one of the main causes of death and have a significant effect on public health challenges, economic growth and development. The Iraqi transport infrastructure has suffered from the effects of war, carelessness, and lack of investment. As a result, road traffic accidents have increased, and the current efforts to address road safety are minimal in comparison to the growing level of citizen suffering. The objective of this study was to provincially analyze traffic accidents in Iraq using data from 2010 to 2020 to shed light on the current situation. Three key conclusions were made from the results: first, people aged 35 years and under was the age group recorded in the most traffic accidents;second, Al-Najaf province recorded the highest rate of traffic accidents;and third, COVID-19 lockdown in Iraq caused a 28.5 % decline in traffic accidents while fatality and injury rates fell by 28 % and 18.4 % respectively, when comparing with the data of the same period in 2019.

2.
Arab J Sci Eng ; : 1-19, 2023 May 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2315831

ABSTRACT

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to rapid and unexpected changes across the world, particularly in road safety. Thus, this work assesses the impact of COVID-19 accompanied by government preventive policies on road safety in Saudi Arabia by investigating the crash frequency and crash rates. A 4-year crash dataset relating to 2018-2021 was collected, covering about 71,000 km in total road length. It covers all intercity roads and some of the major intercity roads in Saudi Arabia with over 40,000 data logs of involved crashes. We considered three different time phases to observe road safety. These time phases were identified by the duration of government curfew measures against COVID-19 (before, during, and after). The crash frequency analysis showed that the curfew during COVID-19 significantly impacted the crash reduction. At a national level, the crash frequency decreased during 2020 and reached a 33.2% reduction compared to 2019 (the previous year), and it surprisingly continued decreasing in 2021 (the consequent year) to another 37.7% reduction although the government measures were lifted. Moreover, considering the traffic volume and road geometry, we analyzed crash rates for 36 selected segments, and the results showed a significant reduction in the crash rate before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, a random effect negative binomial model was developed to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that the reduction in crashes was significant during and after COVID-19. Also, single roads (two-lane, two-way) were found to be more dangerous than other types of roads.

3.
Transp Res Rec ; 2677(4): 15-27, 2023 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2319572

ABSTRACT

Stay-at-home policies in response to COVID-19 transformed high-volume arterials and highways into lower-volume roads, and reduced congestion during peak travel times. To learn from the effects of this transformation on traffic safety, an analysis of crash data in Ohio's Franklin County, U.S., from February to May 2020 is presented, augmented by speed and network data. Crash characteristics such as type and time of day are analyzed during a period of stay-at-home guidelines, and two models are estimated: (i) a multinomial logistic regression that relates daily volume to crash severity; and (ii) a Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model that relates increases in average road speeds to increased severity and the likelihood of a crash being fatal. The findings confirm that lower volumes are associated with higher severity. The opportunity of the pandemic response is taken to explore the mechanisms of this effect. It is shown that higher speeds were associated with more severe crashes, a lower proportion of crashes were observed during morning peaks, and there was a reduction in types of crashes that occur in congestion. It is also noted that there was an increase in the proportion of crashes related to intoxication and speeding. The importance of the findings lay in the risk to essential workers who were required to use the road system while others could telework from home. Possibilities of similar shocks to travel demand in the future, and that traffic volumes may not recover to previous levels, are discussed, and policies are recommended that could reduce the risk of incapacitating and fatal crashes for continuing road users.

4.
Journal of Engineering and Applied Science ; 70(1), 2023.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2300041

ABSTRACT

This study analyzes crash data from 2016 to 2020 on a National Highway in Maharashtra, India. The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the road crashes of the study area is presented, and recommendations to improve road safety are proposed. The crash data is collected from the "National Highways Authority of India, Kolhapur” from 2016 to 2020, and the information is classified into three scenarios: Before Lockdown, After Lockdown, and Strict Lockdown. The crash data is analyzed under three scenarios for seven different classifications followed by their sub-classifications. The time-wise analysis of crash data is performed in four-time slots, namely 00:00–05:59 AM, 06:00–11:59 AM, 12:00–17:59 PM, and 18:00–23:59 PM. The season-wise analysis of crash data is performed in three seasons: Summer, Monsoon, and Winter. The crashes that occurred on 2-lane-straight roads having T-junction are more than 90% in all three scenarios. The significant factors responsible for crashes are "Head-on collision,” "Vehicle out of control,” and "Overspeeding.” Most crashes (more than 36%) occurred between 12:00 and 17:59 PM and in the Summer season (more than 42%) in all three scenarios. The crashes in the COVID-19 "Strict Lockdown” scenario witnessed a fall of 254.55% compared to 2019 and 2018. Surprisingly, there was a rise of 137.5% and a fall of 127.27% in crashes of the COVID-19 2020 "Strict Lockdown” scenario, compared to 2017 and 2016, respectively. The crashes under the sub-classifications "Right angle collision” and "Fatal” increased in 2020 compared to the previous 4 years due to the impact of COVID-19. © 2023, The Author(s).

5.
European Transport Research Review ; 15(1), 2023.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2287688

ABSTRACT

Background: Cycling has always been considered a sustainable and healthy mode of transport. With the increasing concerns of greenhouse gases and pollution, policy makers are intended to support cycling as commuter mode of transport. Moreover, during Covid-19 period, cycling was further appreciated by citizens as an individual opportunity of mobility. Unfortunately, bicyclist safety has become a challenge with growing number of bicyclists in the 21st century. When compared to the traditional road safety network screening, availability of suitable data for bicycle based crashes is more difficult. In such framework, new technologies based smart cities may require new opportunities of data collection and analysis. Methods: This research presents bicycle data requirements and treatment to get suitable information by using GPS device. Mainly, this paper proposed a deep learning-based approach "BeST-DAD” to detect anomalies and spot dangerous points on map for bicyclist to avoid a critical safety event (CSE). BeST-DAD follows Convolutional Neural Network and Autoencoder (AE) for anomaly detection. Proposed model optimization is carried out by testing different data features and BeST-DAD parameter settings, while another comparison performance is carried out between BeST-DAD and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Result: BeST-DAD over perform than traditional PCA statistical approaches for anomaly detection by achieving 77% of the F-score. When the trained model is tested with data from different users, 100% recall is recorded for individual user's trained models. Conclusion: The research results support the notion that proper GPS trajectory data and deep learning classification can be applied to identify anomalies in cycling behavior. © 2023, The Author(s).

6.
Health Econ ; 32(6): 1205-1219, 2023 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2281284

ABSTRACT

This study investigates how exposure to riskier environments influences risky road behaviors, using the COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment. Utilizing administrative individual traffic violation records from Taipei, where neither mandatory lockdown nor mobility restrictions were imposed, we find that pandemic-induced risk decreased speeding violations and that the effect was transitory. However, no significant changes were observed concerning violations with a minimal risk of casualties, such as illegal parking. These findings suggest that experiencing a higher level of life-threatening risk discourages risky behaviors concerning human life but has little spillover effect on those concerning only financial costs.


Subject(s)
Automobile Driving , COVID-19 , Humans , Accidents, Traffic , Pandemics , Public Health , Communicable Disease Control , Risk-Taking
7.
American Journal of the Medical Sciences ; 365(Supplement 1):S173, 2023.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2231494

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Study: Community health fairs have been developed to address the unmet needs for disease prevention and health education among underserved communities. Hispanic communities experience significant non-financial barriers (e.g., cultural and linguistic) that also contribute to lower rates of access and utilization of health care services, including important preventive screening services. Around 3% of Mobile County's population is Hispanic. The aim of this event was: (1) To perform basic health screening, provide health education, and administer COVID-19 and Influenza vaccines to children under the age of 18 years. (2) To act as a bridge between the Hispanic families in the community and the available resources to help them overcome barriers to accessing quality care. Methods Used: We started by identifying and finalizing the location and the date for the health fair with help from the Guadalupe Center (a faith-based organization). We planned to divide the health fair into three specialized zones: Health Screening, Health Education, and Vaccination. The Health Screening zone would include anthropometry, developmental screening, and vision screening. The Health Education zone would educate the families on asthma care, breastfeeding, drowning prevention, road safety, safe sleep practices, oral hygiene, adverse childhood experiences, and healthy lifestyle. The Vaccination Zone would administer COVID-19 and Influenza vaccines. We designed and printed brochures for all health education topics in English and in Spanish. Age and gender appropriate 'Health Passports' with growth charts and other key parameters to record the child's health status were also created. Resident and medical student volunteers were trained regarding documentation, health screening, health education, and referrals to early intervention or specialist services that accepted uninsured or Medicaid patients. Summary of Results: A total of 49 children underwent health screening and health education. Each child's health status was documented in age and gender appropriate 'Health Passport'. In addition to this, these children and their parents were educated at the various health education stations and provided with brochures. Around 40% of the children that were screened had an abnormal vision screen, the parents of these children were given a list of available resources for further follow-up. Six children with developmental delay were identified and early intervention forms were filled out for two and more information regarding the Individualized Education Program (IEP) was given to the other four families. Eight children were vaccinated for COVID-19 and five were vaccinated for Influenza. Conclusion(s): The Hispanic community has persistently faced barriers to access healthcare due to literacy and socioeconomic status. Academic institutions and community- based organizations must work to develop and sustain culturally relevant health education and outreach events to reduce these disparities. Copyright © 2023 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation.

8.
Accid Anal Prev ; 183: 106988, 2023 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2209630

ABSTRACT

Major concerns have been raised about road safety during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US, as the crash fatalities have increased, despite the substantial reduction in traffic. However, a comprehensive analysis of safety-critical events on roadways based on a broader set of traffic safety metrics and their correlates is needed. In addition to fatalities, this study uses changes in total crashes and total monetary harm as additional measures of safety. A comprehensive and unique time-series database of crashes and socio-economic variables is created at the county level in Tennessee. Statistics show that while fatal crashes increase by 8.2%, total crashes decrease by 15.3%, and the total harm cost is lower by about $1.76 billion during COVID-19 (2020) compared with pre-COVID-19 conditions (2019). Several models, including generalized least squares linear, Poisson, and geographically weighted regression models using the differences between 2020 and 2019 values, are estimated to rigorously quantify the correlates of fatalities, crashes, and crash harm. The results indicate that compared to the pre-pandemic periods, fatal crashes that occurred during the pandemic are associated with more speeding & reckless behaviors and varied across jurisdictions. Fatal crashes are more likely to happen on interstates and dark-not-lighted roads and involve commercial trucks. These same factors largely contribute to crash harm. In addition, a greater number of long trips per person not staying home during COVID-19 is found to be associated with more crashes and crash harm. These results can inform policymaking to strengthen traffic law enforcement through appropriate countermeasures, such as the placement of warning signs and the reduction of the speed limit in hotspots.


Subject(s)
Accidents, Traffic , COVID-19 , Humans , Tennessee/epidemiology , Pandemics , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , Motor Vehicles
9.
2022 Congreso Internacional de Innovacion y Tendencias en Ingenieria, CONIITI 2022 ; 2022.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2191698

ABSTRACT

Traditionally, mobility problems and automobile traffic congestion have increased in cities around the world due to the urban development process, especially in the city of Metropolitan Lima. For this reason, the government of the Peruvian capital has established temporary detours in certain sections of the arterial roads of the network, to invite new cyclists, due to the effects of Covid-19. Today, Lima has a network of 294 km of bicycle lanes, which have been implemented without adequate planning. In view of this, we evaluated the risk of poor planning on the vulnerable user (the cyclist) at an intersection of this road network, with a high rate of motorized congestion. The main objective of this study has been to propose corrective actions to avoid the exposure to danger on the users of the bicycle lane (countermeasures);due to lack of safety at the intersection of La Marina Ave. and Universitaria Ave. In this sense, a risk matrix was developed with the most concurrent factors that occur at this intersection;to then obtain a risk level and take actions in each of them, to mitigate the impact. The result obtained in the analysis of this study for the intersection is classified as a level 2 risk: Important risk, which means that it presents several important danger factors. Finally, in addition to the analyses developed, a treatment scheme was proposed for the intersection to provide greater safety to the users of the bicycle lane, avoiding fatal and non-fatal accidents. © 2022 IEEE.

10.
13th Workshop on Software Engineering for Resilient Systems, SERENE 2022, 3rd Worskhop on Dynamic Risk Management for Autonomous Systems, DREAMS 2022, 3rd Workshop on Artificial Intelligence for Railways, AI4RAILS 2022, held at the 18th European Dependable Computing Conference, EDCC 2022 ; 1656 CCIS:46-53, 2022.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2059720

ABSTRACT

The risk potential on German roads remains high: Even in 2021 with less traffic due to the Covid-pandemic, the police counted 2.3 million traffic accidents [1]. Many accidents occur due to individual mistakes of road users. Dangerous situations are often misjudged or not recognized on time, for example, due to distraction while driving [2]. Autonomous systems in vehicles show the potential to avoid driver-related accidents, but for a Dynamic Risk Management (DRM) reliable data is needed. This is exactly where the project “Early Detection of Dangerous Areas in road traffic using smart data - EDDA+” comes in. The road hazard map created by using the EDDA+ method evaluates the Germany-wide road network according to a hazard score. This digital, safety-related data includes a lot of contextual information like weather or daytime conditions and can be used as an additional basis for the DRM risk analysis. For example, an autonomous system could react more sensitively at road areas where the hazard score is high. This continuously updated hazard map is published on www.gefahrenstellen.de and also available in a more detailed way on our platform for professional users such as local authorities, police, science, engineering offices, navigation providers and car manufacturers. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

11.
Arch Orthop Trauma Surg ; 142(10): 2747-2753, 2022 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2035041

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The popularity of cycling in the United Kingdom is increasing, with a further rise likely due to recent government cycling promotion schemes. This study aims to characterise fractures sustained due to cycling-related collisions in patients presenting to a Major Trauma Centre, in the region with the highest cycling rates in the United Kingdom. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of cycling injuries presenting to our centre between January 2012 and December 2020 was performed using a prospectively collected electronic database. Comparison of fracture characteristics was made according to patient age and mechanism of injury (collision with a motorised vehicle versus collision with a non-motorised object.). RESULTS: Of the 737 patients who suffered a cycling-related injury, 292 (39.6%) suffered at least 1 fracture to the appendicular skeleton. Overall, fractures were most commonly seen in those over 50 years of age. Upper limb fractures were more common than lower limb fractures. Fractures sustained during motorised injuries were more likely to require surgical intervention than those sustained during non-motorised collisions. CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable information regarding the nature, epidemiology and treatment of fractures sustained following cycling-related accidents, adding to the paucity of similar literature in the field. Given the likely increase in future cycling uptake, our results are important to clinicians treating patients with cycling-related injuries and policymakers designing safety interventions.


Subject(s)
Fractures, Bone , Orthopedics , Accidents, Traffic , Fractures, Bone/epidemiology , Fractures, Bone/etiology , Fractures, Bone/surgery , Humans , Injury Severity Score , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Trauma Centers
12.
Sustainability ; 14(16):10172, 2022.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2024143

ABSTRACT

In a century where mobility is becoming more sustainable in terms of energy transition, emissions reduction, and a healthy quality of life, the use of bicycles is increasing and has many advantages over other modes of transport that have been underused. The bicycle is an excellent alternative for short distances of up to five kilometers. In combination with public transportation, it can also successfully compete with motorized transport for longer distances. For the adequate development of cycling, it is necessary to create the right conditions in terms of accessibility and road safety. This means planning appropriate cycling infrastructure where cyclists feel comfortable and safe, which can lead to additional increased use in bicycles for everyday trips. Comfort for cyclists is a concept supported by road safety, a pleasant environment, connectivity, and the attractiveness of cycling infrastructure. In other words, cyclists respond to the physical, psychological, and sociological aspects of the cycling experience that are also related to the cycling infrastructure and environment: where I am, what I see and perceive, and how I feel. This paper presents the concept of the level of service for cyclists (BLOS) as a unified method for defining the comfort of cyclists. This paper presents the method for determining the level of service or comfort for bicyclists as a function of road width, width of the cycling area, traffic volume, and the speed and structure of motorized traffic flow. The result of BLOS, the mathematical model used, is graphically presented and allows decision-makers and designers of cycling infrastructure to easily assess the suitability of cycling infrastructure. Different diagrams for different input data are presented in the paper.

13.
Int J Environ Res Public Health ; 19(18)2022 Sep 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2010080

ABSTRACT

The spread of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 resulted in unprecedented worldwide countermeasures such as lockdowns and suspensions of all retail, recreational, and religious activities for the majority of 2020. Nonetheless, no adequate scientific data have been provided thus far about the impact of COVID-19 on driving behavior and road safety, especially in Malaysia. This study examined the effect of COVID-19 on driving behavior using naturalistic driving data. This was accomplished by comparing the driving behaviors of the same drivers in three periods: before COVID-19 lockdown, during COVID-19 lockdown, and after COVID-19 lockdown. Thirty people were previously recruited in 2019 to drive an instrumental vehicle on a 25 km route while recording their driving data such as speed, acceleration, deceleration, distance to vehicle ahead, and steering. The data acquisition system incorporated various sensors such as an OBDII reader, a lidar, two ultrasonic sensors, an IMU, and a GPS. The same individuals were contacted again in 2020 to drive the same vehicle on the same route in order to capture their driving behavior during the COVID-19 lockdown. Participants were approached once again in 2022 to repeat the procedure in order to capture their driving behavior after the COVID-19 lockdown. Such valuable and trustworthy data enable the assessment of changes in driving behavior throughout the three time periods. Results showed that drivers committed more violations during the COVID-19 lockdown, with young drivers in particular being most affected by the traffic restrictions, driving significantly faster and performing more aggressive steering behaviors during the COVID-19 lockdown than any other time. Furthermore, the locations where the most speeding offenses were committed are highlighted in order to provide lawmakers with guidance on how to improve traffic safety in those areas, in addition to various recommendations on how to manage traffic during future lockdowns.


Subject(s)
Automobile Driving , COVID-19 , Accidents, Traffic , COVID-19/epidemiology , Communicable Disease Control , Humans , Malaysia/epidemiology
14.
Frontiers in Sustainable Cities ; 4, 2022.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-1974698

ABSTRACT

Active transport1 is a relatively new term but one that has been gaining support over the past decade as an alternative to “non-motorized transport” (NMT). Walking and cycling are the main transport modes within the active transport cluster. This paper summarizes the current state of international research and knowledge on active transport in urban and peri-urban areas in high-, middle- and low-income countries. It also explores current research gaps and potential “future looking” research areas. The information was collected in early 2020 and is based on a rapid literature review, a 15-question Internet survey, semi-structured interviews, and a peer-review process with key actors and experts in active transport. Respondents were professionally active in a broad range of areas directly or indirectly connected to the topic. A total of 112 cleaned responses2 were obtained from high, middle- and low-income countries. The main findings show that there is a high level of scholarship in the subject, with a greater breadth of research in high income countries. There has been an increase in research attention since 1990. Both are widely covered by work on road safety aspects. A key difference can be seen between cycling and walking and their positioning as transport modes. More papers on cycling are published in transport-related journals, while walking is better covered in health-related journals. Based on the identified research gaps found in this review, suggestions are put forward for further possible research areas of interest on active transport in the post COVID recovery. Copyright © 2022 Allen and Nolmark.

15.
Safety Science ; 154, 2022.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-1886083

ABSTRACT

Driver license examiners serve as the “gatekeepers” to the world of driving. These examiners administer driving tests and issue driver licenses to prospective drivers that demonstrate driving competency. Unfortunately, this community of workers is vulnerable to experiencing safety incidents as they test prospective drivers with limited driving proficiency. Understanding the safety challenges these workers experience professionally is fundamental to identifying and adopting relevant safety measures. Towards achieving this goal, interviews were conducted with driver license examiners in North Carolina to compile the safety challenges they professionally experience. Additionally, safety management measures that they adopt regularly and others that they recommend for possible future adoption were gathered. The reported safety challenges include prospective drivers reporting for testing and retesting without sufficient training, the existence of communication and language barriers, prospective drivers adopting driving customs learned in other countries, and experiences of entering unclean vehicles. Safety measures that the driver license examiners adopt regularly include the use of widely adopted terms and hand gestures to overcome communication challenges, being prepared to take control over the vehicle steering, encouraging prospective drivers to hold the learner's permit and gain additional experience, and others. Suggested safety measures for possible future adoption include empowering examiners to terminate the test when appropriate, enforcing a limited wait time following the issuance of a learner's permit prior to attempting the driving test, and the regular adoption of contactless testing methods popularized during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study findings can be leveraged to enhance the safety of driver license examiners.

16.
Transportation Engineering ; : 100119, 2022.
Article in English | ScienceDirect | ID: covidwho-1852180

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 epidemic caused global roads and highway networks to be disrupted to historic proportions. While the world is focused on combating COVID-19 pandemic, people are still dying and being injured as a result of traffic collisions on the highways owing to movement restrictions. Although the impact of shutdown mechanisms on traffic safety is still being studied, initial studies reveal a decrease in traffic flow and a rise in risky driving behaviors. On the other hand, it is important to investigate how the epidemic has influenced travel behavioral characteristics in order to design mobility regulations for the post-COVID-19 future. Considering numerous investigations, the present study attempts to provide an overview of the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on road traffic crashes, deaths, and injuries, as well as road travel behavior. The magnitude of COVID-19 was found to result in fewer crashes and injuries, as well as a reduction in road safety performance, but substantially greater serious accidents. According to a study of many papers, Travel objective, method of transportation, mileage traveled, and numbers of trips for principal travel were considerably different before and during the epidemic. The result of this study have significant legislative ramifications and also can help to guide how further lockdowns are managed in terms of traffic safety and travel behavior.

17.
4th IEEE Global Conference on Life Sciences and Technologies, LifeTech 2022 ; : 303-304, 2022.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-1840261

ABSTRACT

A descriptive time series study of casualties from motorcycle accidents in Taiwan between 2016 and 2020. The data on casualties were obtained from the road safety information system provided by the Ministry of Transportation and Communications. Between 2016 and 2020 the casualties increased from 2,571 to 3,191 (an increase of 241% in casualty rates during the period studied). High casualty rates in 2020 were observed in Taiwan. There was a significant increase in motorcycle accident casualty rates for the country as a whole during the studied period. © 2022 IEEE.

18.
Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot ; 29(3): 382-393, 2022 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1769046

ABSTRACT

Little is known about the effect of the COVID-19 on road safety indicators (RSIs) in developing countries, and conducted studies provide limited information regarding this impact. These prompted the author to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on RSIs in Turkey. RSIs and related indices of Turkey between 2016 and 2020 were collected. For evaluating the impact, RSIs whose 2020 measures differed significantly from the pre-COVID era were identified using the outlier detection technique and Regression analysis. K-means clustering was used to group RSIs according to their variation patterns in the study period. Results show that COVID-19 led to significant decreases in 26 RSIs, especially ones related to non-fatal road traffic injuries. COVID-19 resulted in a significant drop in road traffic crashes and related indices. Also, considerable changes in monthly and daily fatalities and injuries in 2020 were observed. Clustering results revealed that COVID-19 significantly impacts variation patterns of studied RSIs, especially ones related to non-fatal injuries. Clustering aided in identifying affected RSIs by COVID-19, which other used methods were unable to detect. COVID-19 led to significant changes in road safety indices in Turkey. Road authorities and researchers should be aware of these significant fluctuations in road safety data.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Wounds and Injuries , Accidents, Traffic , COVID-19/epidemiology , Humans , Turkey/epidemiology
19.
Safety ; 8(1):12, 2022.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-1765838

ABSTRACT

Deaths due to road traffic accidents (RTA) accounted for 2.46% of deaths out of the total deaths in Indonesia. Road safety education (RSE), as an effort to prevent RTA, focuses on increasing knowledge;however, variations of techniques, methods, and media are less used. This study aims to analyze the application of RSE innovations that have been compiled based on interests and needs of adolescents, which are expected to be able to increase knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and safe driving behavior. This research used a quasi-experimental approach with a non-randomized pre-test–post-test control group design approach. The Zainafree Program intervention model was conducted for 6 weeks on 362 students who were selected using purposive sampling technique at two schools with the same characteristics. The bivariate analysis was conducted to observe the effect of the model on changes in knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behavior. We analyzed multivariately using GLM-RMA to determine the effectiveness of the model from various confounding factors. The Mann–Whitney test in the intervention and control group demonstrated a significant difference in the average post-test score of two on all dependent variables (p = 0.000). The results of the GLM-RMA test demonstrated the effect of the Zainafree Program on knowledge (p = 0.000;ETA Square = 35.1), beliefs (p = 0.000;ETA Square = 32.0), attitudes (p = 0.000;ETA Square = 50.9), intentions (p = 0.000, ETA Square = 20.7), and behavior (p = 0.000;ETA Square = 28.2), after adjusting for involvement between confounding variables (p = 0.000;ETA Square = 16.2), which demonstrated that the intervention was able to explain 16.2 changes that occur in the scores of five aspects together. The RSE program was proven to be successful in increasing students’ knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behavior compared to those who did not receive the program.

20.
Frontiers in Sustainable Cities ; 4, 2022.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-1742281

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to strict measures intended to limit people's movement and slow viral spread. The subsequent need for social distancing when traveling has driven many cities to reduce public transport services, as urban residents simultaneously stay at home and avoid crowded spaces. As a result, cities are turning to cycling to meet the mobility needs of their inhabitants, particularly those who lack access to a private vehicle. Infrastructure plays a critical role in encouraging cycling by protecting cyclists and providing safe and comfortable conditions for users of various confidence levels. Due to the pandemic, this infrastructure has been rapidly constructed, in many cases, as pop-up or temporary installations. In this article, we present and examine the design methods and community response to an emergent bike lane along Avenida Guadalupe in Zapopan, México during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through this examination, the paper distills and highlights the key features of a successful emergent bike lane in the urban Global South and identifies gaps in need of filling. The emergent intervention is 4.2 km and includes a number of traffic calming elements such as bollards and markings, connecting the peripheral part of the city to the existing cycle infrastructure. This case study shall contribute to a greater understanding of emergency mobility planning practices during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as future directions for the expansion of cycling infrastructure and networks, especially in Latin America and the broader Global South. Copyright © 2022 Ohlund, El-Samra, Amezola, Soto Morfín, López Zaragoza and Aguilar Gónzalez.

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